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Recently, U.S buy canadian levitra levitra directions for use. Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland started a task force to address derogatory place names on federal lands. This task buy canadian levitra force will recommend new names for places such as Squaw Canyon and Squaw Flat in Canyonlands National Park and Squaw Creek in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. €œSquaw” is an insult used to demean Native American women, but the term is pervasive.

There are 660 places on federally managed public lands whose names use this slur. The decision buy canadian levitra comes as momentum surges nationwide to change derogatory place names. Over the past 20 years, people have proposed replacement names for 261 places containing squaw to the U.S. Board on Geographic Names (BGN), the body responsible for considering such proposed changes.

Several states, including buy canadian levitra Minnesota, Maine and Montana, have established laws eliminating that word from place names. Near where I live in Pittsburgh, a township council voted in 2020 to rename a local park to get rid of the s-word. Our public lands have many kinds of unjust place names. For example, the Oglala Lakota successfully changed the name of a sacred mountain in the heart of the Black Hills National Forest in South Dakota buy canadian levitra from Harney Peak to Black Elk Peak in 2016.

William Harney was a U.S. Army general who, in 1855, led his troops to massacre a band of Lakota, including women and children, buy canadian levitra and mutilate their bodies. Black Elk was an Oglala Lakota holy man and visionary. Removing the name of a man who tried to exterminate the Lakota and replacing it with the name of Black Elk on the Lakota’s sacred mountain is a step toward reconciliation and restorative justice.

It is stories such as that of Black Elk Peak that led my colleagues and me to wonder about unjust place buy canadian levitra names. I’m a scientist specializing in ecology and led a team of conservation scientists and scholars who wanted to know just how many places have derogatory and other problematic names in some of our nation’s most beloved conservation landscapes. Our national parks. Visitors revere the parks, which buy canadian levitra have been called “America’s best idea,” for their majestic landscapes and wildlife.

But in addition, a lot of ecology and conservation research goes on in national parks. As field scientists, we use place names regularly. I am a descendant of colonizers and settlers of the U.S., so this project was a chance for me to buy canadian levitra better understand how my ability to conduct research on public lands benefits from the forced removal of Native American peoples from their lands and how things like place names can uphold but also disrupt systems of oppression. Our study, recently published in People and Nature, showed that, within the 16 parks we studied, 21 places were named for proponents of racism.

We were surprised that 52 places were named for settlers who were involved in known acts of racial violence and genocide, buy canadian levitra often against Indigenous peoples, including a river in Everglades National Park named after the same Harney. Native Americans have called for changing place names at national parks and monuments for more than a century. Our study is one of the first system-wide analyses of what place names might need changing. We wondered, “Are these efforts to change buy canadian levitra problematic place names happening in isolation, or is there a system-wide pattern in need of a system-wide response?.

€ We found the latter. All 16 parks we examined had one or more places named after people who supported racist ideologies (six parks), capitalized on Indigenous removal and colonization (16 parks) and/or participated in acts of genocide (15 parks). Furthermore, of buy canadian levitra the place names on park visitor maps, very few (15 percent), on average, are traditional or even appropriated Indigenous place names, while the majority (79 percent) are settler colonizer place names. The fact that we found these patterns consistently in parks ranging from Acadia to Yosemite and Cuyahoga Valley to Canyonlands demonstrates that these problems are not isolated incidences.

They are manifesting similarly across the park system. The predominance of European buy canadian levitra American place names erases the histories of the Indigenous peoples who were here for millennia before colonizers forced them off their lands. Indeed, researchers have found that the largest barrier to public support for Native American rights in the U.S. Is their invisibility and erasure in modern society.

Place names perpetuate this erasure, generation after buy canadian levitra generation, but we can disrupt the cycle. Restoring Indigenous place names restores mnemonic and spiritual connections among place, culture and ancestral knowledge. For example, President William McKinley had no ties to buy canadian levitra the Alaskan mountain formerly named after him. Under President McKinley, the U.S.

Annexed Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. Filipinos revolted, and the war McKinley waged against them claimed the lives buy canadian levitra of about 5,000 Americans and 200,000 Filipinos. This was the namesake for our continent’s tallest mountain. Denali, the mountain’s federally recognized name since 2015, is a Koyukon word that meaning “the tall one” that has been in use for 10,000 to 12,000 years by many Athabascan peoples, an Alaska Native group.

To them, using the name Denali is a way of honoring buy canadian levitra the land. Restoring Indigenous place names can empower and support the revitalization of Indigenous languages and knowledge. The public comment period for the current federal task force is open now and ends of April 25. But the work that the federal government will do is buy canadian levitra only a portion of what we need to accomplish to reconcile the violent origins of our nation with the restorative nature of the places that bear these names.

As a nation that aspires to be equitable and just, we can work toward changing problematic place names for state-managed and locally managed lands like that park near Pittsburgh. Descendants of settlers can collaborate as allies with Indigenous individuals and communities to find replacements that are traditional Indigenous names like Denali or new ones like Black buy canadian levitra Elk Peak. Place names can teach us of the deeper histories of the places we live, work and play. Changing place names is not about some people being offended or feelings being hurt.

It’s about telling a more complete history of North America and the U.S., respecting Indigenous buy canadian levitra knowledge and acknowledging the sovereignty of Native American nations. For conserving our public lands, people, history and culture are just as important as ecology.James Johnson hopes to drive a car again one day. If he does, he will do it using only his thoughts. In March 2017, Johnson broke his buy canadian levitra neck in a go-carting accident, leaving him almost completely paralysed below the shoulders.

He understood his new reality better than most. For decades, he had been a carer for people with paralysis. €œThere was a deep depression,” he says buy canadian levitra. €œI thought that when this happened to me there was nothing—nothing that I could do or give.” But then Johnson’s rehabilitation team introduced him to researchers from the nearby California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, who invited him to join a clinical trial of a brain–computer interface (BCI).

This would first entail neurosurgery to implant two grids of electrodes into his cortex. These electrodes would record neurons in his brain as they fire, and the researchers would use algorithms to buy canadian levitra decode his thoughts and intentions. The system would then use Johnson’s brain activity to operate computer applications or to move a prosthetic device. All told, it buy canadian levitra would take years and require hundreds of intensive training sessions.

€œI really didn’t hesitate,” says Johnson. The first time he used his BCI, implanted in November 2018, Johnson moved a cursor around a computer screen. €œIt felt buy canadian levitra like The Matrix,” he says. €œWe hooked up to the computer, and lo and behold I was able to move the cursor just by thinking.” Johnson has since used the BCI to control a robotic arm, use Photoshop software, play ‘shoot-’em-up’ video games, and now to drive a simulated car through a virtual environment, changing speed, steering and reacting to hazards.

€œI am always stunned at what we are able to do,” he says, “and it’s frigging awesome.” Johnson is one of an estimated 35 people who have had a BCI implanted long-term in their brain. Only around a dozen laboratories conduct buy canadian levitra such research, but that number is growing. And in the past five years, the range of skills these devices can restore has expanded enormously. Last year alone, scientists described a study participant using a robotic arm that could send sensory feedback directly to his brain.

A prosthetic buy canadian levitra speech device for someone left unable to speak by a stroke. And a person able to communicate at record speeds by imagining himself handwriting. So far, the vast majority of implants for recording long-term from individual neurons buy canadian levitra have been made by a single company. Blackrock Neurotech, a medical-device developer based in Salt Lake City, Utah.

But in the past seven years, commercial interest in BCIs has surged. Most notably, in 2016, entrepreneur Elon Musk launched Neuralink in San buy canadian levitra Francisco, California, with the goal of connecting humans and computers. The company has raised US$363 million. Last year, Blackrock Neurotech and several other newer BCI companies also attracted major financial backing.

Bringing a BCI to market will, however, entail transforming a bespoke technology, road-tested in only a small number of people, buy canadian levitra into a product that can be manufactured, implanted and used at scale. Large trials will need to show that BCIs can work in non-research settings and demonstrably improve the everyday lives of users—at prices that the market can support. The timeline for achieving all this is uncertain, but the field is bullish. €œFor thousands of years, we have buy canadian levitra been looking for some way to heal people who have paralysis,” says Matt Angle, founding chief executive of Paradromics, a neurotechnology company in Austin, Texas.

€œNow we’re actually on the cusp of having technologies that we can leverage for those things.” Interface evolution In June 2004, researchers pressed a grid of electrodes into the motor cortex of a man who had been paralysed by a stabbing. He was the first person to receive a long-term BCI implant. Like most people who have received BCIs since, his cognition buy canadian levitra was intact. He could imagine moving, but he had lost the neural pathways between his motor cortex and his muscles.

After decades of work in many labs in monkeys, researchers had learnt to decode the animals’ movements from real-time buy canadian levitra recordings of activity in the motor cortex. They now hoped to infer a person’s imagined movements from brain activity in the same region. In 2006, a landmark paper described how the man had learnt to move a cursor around a computer screen, control a television and use robotic arms and hands just by thinking. The study was co-led by Leigh Hochberg, a neuroscientist and critical-care neurologist buy canadian levitra at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.

It was the first of a multicentre suite of trials called BrainGate, which continues today. €œIt was a very simple, rudimentary demonstration,” Hochberg says. €œThe movements were slow or imprecise—or buy canadian levitra both. But it demonstrated that it might be possible to record from the cortex of somebody who was unable to move and to allow that person to control an external device.” Today’s BCI users have much finer control and access to a wider range of skills.

In part, this is because researchers began to implant multiple BCIs in different brain areas of the user and devised new ways to identify useful signals. But Hochberg says the biggest boost has come from machine learning, which has improved the ability to buy canadian levitra decode neural activity. Rather than trying to understand what activity patterns mean, machine learning simply identifies and links patterns to a user’s intention. €œWe have neural information buy canadian levitra.

We know what that person who is generating the neural data is attempting to do. And we’re asking the algorithms to create a map between the two,” says Hochberg. €œThat turns out to be a remarkably powerful technique.” Motor independence Asked what they want from buy canadian levitra assistive neurotechnology, people with paralysis most often answer “independence”. For people who are unable to move their limbs, this typically means restoring movement.

One approach is to implant electrodes that directly stimulate the muscles of a person’s own limbs and have the BCI directly control these. €œIf you can capture the native cortical signals related to controlling hand movements, you buy canadian levitra can essentially bypass the spinal-cord injury to go directly from brain to periphery,” says Bolu Ajiboye, a neuroscientist at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. In 2017, Ajiboye and his colleagues described a participant who used this system to perform complex arm movements, including drinking a cup of coffee and feeding himself. €œWhen he first started the study,” Ajiboye says, “he had to think very hard about his arm moving from point A to point B.

But as he gained more training, he could just think about moving his buy canadian levitra arm and it would move.” The participant also regained a sense of ownership of the arm. Ajiboye is now expanding the repertoire of command signals his system can decode, such as those for grip force. He also wants to give BCI buy canadian levitra users a sense of touch, a goal being pursued by several labs. In 2015, a team led by neuroscientist Robert Gaunt at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, reported implanting an electrode array in the hand region of a person’s somatosensory cortex, where touch information is processed.

When they used the electrodes to stimulate neurons, the person felt something akin to being touched. Gaunt then joined forces with Pittsburgh colleague Jennifer Collinger, a neuroscientist advancing buy canadian levitra the control of robotic arms by BCIs. Together, they fashioned a robotic arm with pressure sensors embedded in its fingertips, which fed into electrodes implanted in the somatosensory cortex to evoke a synthetic sense of touch. It was not an entirely natural feeling—sometimes it felt like pressure or being prodded, other times it was more like a buzzing, Gaunt explains.

Nevertheless, tactile feedback buy canadian levitra made the prosthetic feel much more natural to use, and the time it took to pick up an object was halved, from roughly 20 seconds to 10. Implanting arrays into brain regions that have different roles can add nuance to movement in other ways. Neuroscientist Richard Andersen—who is leading the trial at Caltech in which Johnson is participating—is trying to decode users’ more-abstract goals by tapping into the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), which forms the intention or plan to move. That is, it might encode the thought ‘I want a drink’, whereas the motor cortex directs the hand to the buy canadian levitra coffee, then brings the coffee to the mouth.

Andersen’s group is exploring how this dual input aids BCI performance, contrasting use of the two cortical regions alone or together. Unpublished results show that Johnson’s intentions can be decoded more quickly in the PPC, “consistent with encoding the goal of the movement”, says Tyson Aflalo, a senior researcher in Andersen’s laboratory. Motor-cortex activity, buy canadian levitra by contrast, lasts throughout the whole movement, he says, “making the trajectory less jittery”. This new type of neural input is helping Johnson and others to expand what they can do.

Johnson uses the driving simulator, and another participant can play a virtual piano using buy canadian levitra her BCI. Movement into meaning “One of the most devastating outcomes related to brain injuries is the loss of ability to communicate,” says Edward Chang, a neurosurgeon and neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco. In early BCI work, participants could move a cursor around a computer screen by imagining their hand moving, and then imagining grasping to ‘click’ letters—offering a way to achieve communication. But more recently, Chang and others have made rapid progress by targeting movements that people naturally use to express buy canadian levitra themselves.

The benchmark for communication by cursor control—roughly 40 characters per minute—was set in 2017 by a team led by Krishna Shenoy, a neuroscientist at Stanford University in California. Then, last year, this group reported an approach that enabled study participant Dennis Degray, who can speak but is paralysed from the neck down, to double the pace. Shenoy’s colleague Frank Willett suggested to Degray that he imagine handwriting while they recorded from his buy canadian levitra motor cortex (see ‘Turning thoughts into type’). The system sometimes struggled to parse signals relating to letters that are handwritten in a similar way, such as r, n and h, but generally it could easily distinguish the letters.

The decoding algorithms were 95% accurate at baseline, but when autocorrected using statistical language models that are similar to predictive text in smartphones, this jumped to 99%. €œYou can decode really rapid, very fine movements,” says Shenoy, “and you’re able to do that at 90 buy canadian levitra characters per minute.” Degray has had a functional BCI in his brain for nearly 6 years, and is a veteran of 18 studies by Shenoy’s group. He says it’s remarkable how effortless tasks become. He likens the process to learning to swim, saying, “You thrash around a lot at first, but all of a sudden, everything becomes understandable.” Chang’s approach to restoring communication focuses on speaking rather than writing, buy canadian levitra albeit using a similar principle.

Just as writing is formed of distinct letters, speech is formed of discrete units called phonemes, or individual sounds. There are around 50 phonemes in English, and each is created by a stereotyped movement of the vocal tract, tongue and lips. Chang’s group first worked on characterizing the buy canadian levitra part of the brain that generates phonemes and, thereby, speech—an ill-defined region called the dorsal laryngeal cortex. Then, the researchers applied these insights to create a speech-decoding system that displayed the user’s intended speech as text on a screen.

Last year, they reported that this device enabled a person left unable to talk by a brainstem stroke to communicate, using a preselected vocabulary of 50 words and at a rate of 15 words per minute. €œThe most important thing that we’ve learnt,” Chang says, “is that buy canadian levitra it’s no longer a theoretical. It’s truly possible to decode full words.” Unlike other high-profile BCI breakthroughs, Chang didn’t record from single neurons. Instead, he used electrodes placed on the cortical surface that detect the averaged activity of neuronal populations.

The signals are not as fine-grained as those from electrodes implanted in the cortex, but the approach is buy canadian levitra less invasive. The most profound loss of communication occurs in people in a completely locked-in state, who remain conscious but are unable to speak or move. In March, a team including neuroscientist Ujwal Chaudhary and others at the University of Tübingen, Germany, reported restarting communication with a man who has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or motor neuron disease). The man buy canadian levitra had previously relied on eye movements to communicate, but he gradually lost the ability to move his eyes.

The team of researchers gained consent from the man’s family to implant a BCI and tried asking him to imagine movements to use his brain activity to choose letters on a screen. When this failed, they tried playing a sound that mimicked the man’s brain activity—a higher tone for more activity, lower for less—and taught him to modulate his neural activity to heighten the pitch of a tone to signal ‘yes’ and to buy canadian levitra lower it for ‘no’. That arrangement allowed him to pick out a letter every minute or so. The method differs from that in a paper published in 2017, in which Chaudhary and others used a non-invasive technique to read brain activity.

Questions were buy canadian levitra raised about the work and the paper was retracted, but Chaudhary stands by it. These case studies suggest that the field is maturing rapidly, says Amy Orsborn, who researches BCIs in non-human primates at the University of Washington in Seattle. €œThere’s been a noticeable uptick in both the number of clinical studies and of the leaps that they’re making in the clinical space,” she says. €œWhat comes along with that buy canadian levitra is the industrial interest”.

Lab to market Although such achievements have attracted a flurry of attention from the media and investors, the field remains a long way from improving day-to-day life for people who’ve lost the ability to move or speak. Currently, study participants operate BCIs in brief, intensive sessions. Nearly all must be physically wired to a bank of computers and supervised by a team of scientists working constantly to hone and recalibrate the decoders and associated buy canadian levitra software. €œWhat I want,” says Hochberg, speaking as a critical-care neurologist, “is a device that is available, that can be prescribed, that is ‘off the shelf’ and can be used quickly.” In addition, such devices would ideally last users a lifetime.

Many leading academics are now collaborating with companies to buy canadian levitra develop marketable devices. Chaudhary, by contrast, has co-founded a not-for-profit company, ALS Voice, in Tübingen, to develop neurotechnologies for people in a completely locked-in state. Blackrock Neurotech’s existing devices have been a mainstay of clinical research for 18 years, and it wants to market a BCI system within a year, according to chairman Florian Solzbacher. The company came a step closer last November, when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates medical devices, put the company’s products onto a fast-track review process to facilitate developing them commercially buy canadian levitra.

This possible first product would use four implanted arrays and connect through wires to a miniaturized device, which Solzbacher hopes will show how people’s lives can be improved. €œWe’re not talking about a 5, 10 or 30% improvement in efficacy,” he says. €œPeople can do something they just couldn’t before.” Blackrock Neurotech is also developing a fully implantable wireless BCI intended to be easier buy canadian levitra to use and to remove the need to have a port in the user’s cranium. Neuralink and Paradromics have aimed to have these features from the outset in the devices they are developing.

These two companies are also aiming to boost signal bandwidth, which should improve device performance, by increasing the number of recorded neurons. Paradromics’s interface—currently being tested in sheep—has 1,600 channels, divided between 4 buy canadian levitra modules. Neuralink’s system uses very fine, flexible electrodes, called threads, that are designed to both bend with the brain and to reduce immune reactions, says Shenoy, who is a consultant and adviser to the company. The aim is to make the device more durable and recordings more stable.

Neuralink has not published any peer-reviewed papers, but a 2021 blogpost reported the successful implantation of threads in a monkey’s brain buy canadian levitra to record at 1,024 sites (see go.nature.com/3jt71yq). Academics would like to see the technology published for full scrutiny, and Neuralink has so far trialled its system only in animals. But, Ajiboye says, “if buy canadian levitra what they’re claiming is true, it’s a game-changer”. Just one other company besides Blackrock Neurotech has implanted a BCI long-term in humans—and it might prove an easier sell than other arrays.

Synchron in New York City has developed a ‘stentrode’—a set of 16 electrodes fashioned around a blood-vessel stent. Fitted in a day in an outpatient setting, this buy canadian levitra device is threaded through the jugular vein to a vein on top of the motor cortex. First implanted in a person with ALS in August 2019, the technology was put on a fast-track review path by the FDA a year later. Akin to the electrodes Chang uses, the stentrode lacks the resolution of other implants, so can’t be used to control complex prosthetics.

But it allows people who cannot move or speak to control a cursor on a buy canadian levitra computer tablet, and so to text, surf the Internet and control connected technologies. Synchron’s co-founder, neurologist Thomas Oxley, says the company is now submitting the results of a four-person feasibility trial for publication, in which participants used the wireless device at home whenever they chose. €œThere’s nothing sticking out of the body. And it’s buy canadian levitra always working,” says Oxley.

The next step before applying for FDA approval, he says, is a larger-scale trial to assess whether the device meaningfully improves functionality and quality of life. Challenges ahead Most researchers buy canadian levitra working on BCIs are realistic about the challenges before them. €œIf you take a step back, it is really more complicated than any other neurological device ever built,” says Shenoy. €œThere’s probably going to be some hard growing years to mature the technology even more.” Orsborn stresses that commercial devices will have to work without expert oversight for months or years—and that they need to function equally well in every user.

She anticipates that advances buy canadian levitra in machine learning will address the first issue by providing recalibration steps for users to implement. But achieving consistent performance across users might present a greater challenge. €œVariability from person to person is the one where I don’t think we know what the scope of the problem is,” Orsborn says. In non-human primates, even small variations in buy canadian levitra electrode positioning can affect which circuits are tapped.

She suspects there are also important idiosyncrasies in exactly how different individuals think and learn—and the ways in which users’ brains have been affected by their various conditions. Finally, there is widespread acknowledgement that ethical oversight must keep pace with this rapidly evolving technology. BCIs present multiple concerns, from privacy to buy canadian levitra personal autonomy. Ethicists stress that users must retain full control of the devices’ outputs.

And although current technologies cannot decode people’s private thoughts, developers will buy canadian levitra have records of users’ every communication, and crucial data about their brain health. Moreover, BCIs present a new type of cybersecurity risk. There is also a risk to participants that their devices might not be supported forever, or that the companies that manufacture them fold. There are buy canadian levitra already instances in which users were let down when their implanted devices were left unsupported.

Degray, however, is eager to see BCIs reach more people. What he would like most from assistive technology is to be able to scratch his eyebrow, he says. €œEverybody looks at me in the chair and they always say, ‘Oh, that poor guy, he can’t play buy canadian levitra golf any more.’ That’s bad. But the real terror is in the middle of the night when a spider walks across your face.

That’s the bad stuff.” For Johnson, it’s about human connection and tactile feedback. A hug buy canadian levitra from a loved one. €œIf we can map the neurons that are responsible for that and somehow filter it into a prosthetic device some day in the future, then I will feel well satisfied with my efforts in these studies.” This article is reproduced with permission and was first published on April 20 2022.The U.S. Covers a vast array of ecosystems, from Alaska’s Arctic tundra to Florida’s tropical swamps, with prairies, snow-capped peaks and deserts in between.

Like the rest of the planet, buy canadian levitra humans are putting those ecosystems under enormous strain as we convert land to agriculture and urban development, release myriad pollutants and burn fossil fuels that spew heat-trapping greenhouse gases. But fast action can stem the resulting loss of biodiversity and give animals, plants and the ecosystems they make up the best possible chance to adapt. One action getting headlines is a science-backed proposal to set aside at least 30 percent of the buy canadian levitra planet’s surface for conservation by 2030 known as 30x30. The Biden administration has endorsed this 30 percent goal for the U.S.

And made it a principle of its Conserving and Restoring America the Beautiful plan. The administration buy canadian levitra recently announced that the U.S. Had formally joined the High Ambition Coalition (HAC) for Nature and People, a group of more than 90 countries encouraging the adoption of the 30x30 target. But how could conserving 30 percent of the U.S.

Be put into practice? buy canadian levitra. Scientific American spoke with several conservation experts about the places we need to protect, what that means and how we might go about doing it. How do we figure out which areas to protect?. A key part of the 30x30 goal is to include a broad array of ecosystems and buy canadian levitra habitats.

€œIt’s not about just protecting the Arctic. It’s really about protecting buy canadian levitra ecosystems that represent your region,” says Helen O’Shea, a renewable energy director at the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). €œSo it might be grasslands, it might be creeks, it might be vernal pools in California. It’s going to be different everywhere.” Reef fish swim in the waters of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, the largest marine protected area in the world.

Credit. NatPar Collection/Alamy Stock Photo To make sure conservation plans capture disparate ecosystems, lots of data must be gathered to reveal which tracts are already being protected and where the gaps are. To that end, the Biden administration is working on the American Conservation and Stewardship Atlas, which will be “the first comprehensive nationwide snapshot of what lands and waters in America are currently protected,” O’Shea says. An initial version of the atlas is scheduled for release by the end of the year.

Right now, experts say, the 30 percent of the U.S. Could come in part from the roughly 12 percent of the country’s land and the 26 percent of its marine territory that have some level of protection. Some of this is off-limits to all extractive industry, but there are national forests and other areas that are largely left wild where commercial activities such as logging and drilling are allowed. Also included might be lands controlled by the Department of Defense that are not under any formal protection but that are largely left in a natural state, says Bruce Stein, chief scientist of the National Wildlife Federation.

Along the way, O’Shea says, it will be crucial to make sure key spots for biodiversity are highlighted and that conservation can be done in an equitable way, involving local communities. A humpback whale spyhops off Rockaway Peninsula of New York City in 2013. Credit. Artie Raslich/Getty Images What places or ecosystems are we already not conserving well enough?.

On land, wetlands and prairies are in dire need of more protection. About 60 percent of the Great Plains has been degraded used for intensive agriculture, and about half of the country’s original wetlands have disappeared. In these ecosystems, not only protection but restoration will be crucial. €œWe need to recognize that some habitat types are so imperiled that they can only be brought back through restoration,” O’Shea says.

Though a higher percentage of U.S. Ocean area is protected, compared with land, most of it is far out in the central Pacific ocean—in particular, in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. Many more types of ocean ecosystem protections are needed around a much broader swath of the country’s seas, says Lisa Suatoni, deputy director of NRDC’s oceans program. €œIn some ways, ocean conservation and ocean protection is behind terrestrial protection just because the ocean is ‘out of sight, out of mind,’” she says.

€œWe’re not able to see the spectacular canyons and mountains under the water like we do on land.” One example is the New York Bight, coastal waters that extend southwesterly from the tip of New York State’s Long Island to Cape May at the bottom of New Jersey. Several whale species have made a comeback there in recent years. Suatoni highlights key fish spawning grounds and the many types of coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves, that benefit not only animals but the communities near them—for example, by protecting against storm surges. Such ecosystems also help sequester carbon, mitigating climate change.

Suatoni says that even within existing marine reserves, protection could be strengthened to curtail commercial fishing and other extractive activities. €œThere are some places on earth so special that it’s worth not pursuing industrial activities, allowing nature to thrive,” she says. The 1.5 million acres of marsh, mangroves and pine flatlands of Everglades National Park are home to several endangered animals, including the Florida panther and the West Indian manatee. Credit.

SimonSkafar/Getty Images Does 30x30 mean more national parks?. National parks are an important part of the 30x30 plan, but “it can’t just be pockets of protected areas here and there,” O’Shea says. To safeguard biodiversity, animals need to be able to move between highly protected spots such as national parks to help ensure genetic diversity in populations. €œBiodiversity is also genetic diversity, and genetic diversity is the fuel of adaptation,” which is key to surviving and thriving in a changing climate, Suatoni says.

That connectivity can take several forms, and they do not need to have the same level of protection, Stein says. An example is formal wildlife corridors, such as one breaking ground this week in Los Angeles County. It will allow the mountain lions of the Santa Monica Mountains, which have been cut off genetically from other populations, to mix. Landscape under 30x30 can also include conservation easements on private property, such as when ranchers, farmers or other landowners set aside an area so it can develop naturally.

€œIt’s about working with local communities, tribes, farmers and ranchers to see if some areas can be set aside or can be managed differently,” says Susan Lieberman, vice president of international policy at the Wildlife Conservation Society. Providing corridors for species will take funding and policy support at the national and state level, which O’Shea hopes to see more of as part of the Biden administration’s 30x30 efforts. The National Wildlife Federation has been working to pass a bill called the Recovering America’s Wildlife Act, which has bipartisan support and would provide money to state agencies and Native American tribes to actually implement plans to protect wildlife that have been sitting idle. €œIf you can keep wildlife from declining to the point where it needs the sort of emergency-room protections that the Endangered Species Act employs, then you can be more proactive and a lot less strict” in the protections you implement, Stein says.

A key consideration when setting aside land will also be equity. Some of the U.S.’s flagship national parks, such as Yellowstone, include land forcibly taken from Native American tribes. There are newer designations, such as Bears Ears National Monument, that were made in consultation with tribes and allow tribal access for traditional plant gathering and ceremonial purposes. €œI think the equity piece is what has the potential to set this campaign apart from other conservation efforts,” O’Shea says.

€œI really think this is an opportunity to start to do conservation differently.”A mysterious mummy’s artificial eyes—placed to help her see in the afterlife—would have shown her quite a lot over the past 2,700 years. Researchers examining the mummy at the British Museum thought the remains were male after x-ray images from the 1960s revealed dense packing in its crotch area. But a potentially matching trio of beautifully detailed nesting wood coffins, acquired with the mummy as a set, bore hieroglyphics describing a female homemaker named Nestawedjat. She lived in what is today Luxor, in roughly 700 B.C.E.

During Egypt’s 25th dynasty, when it was ruled by Kushite pharaohs from Sudan. For a recent study in the Journal of Archaeological Science. Reports, curator Marie Vandenbeusch and her colleagues set out to verify whether the mummy and coffins really belonged together. Their first clue came from CT scans that revealed the mummy was female, matching the coffins’ description.

They then analyzed the chemical makeup of black embalming residue in the innermost coffin’s left shoulder area. This substance’s ingredients—mostly wax, oil and fat—had identical proportions to residue found on the mummy’s left shoulder. €œIt’s quite a lot of detective work to bring all that together” and determine a mummy’s origin, Vandenbeusch says. She notes that mummies are commonly found outside of coffins in old collections.

This process could make them easier to test for potential matches. (The study’s CT scans also spotted the mummy’s artificial eyes, made from two different materials that might be glass or stone.) Ronald Beckett, a Quinnipiac University biomedical scientist who was not involved in the study, says this “rigorous methodology” using chemistry “adds clarity to the origins, identities and relationships among ancient remains.” Moreover, “the analysis of the constituents of embalming concoctions contributes to our understanding of ancient methods of preparing the dead.” It is unclear why Nestawedjat was removed from her coffins, but Vandenbeusch’s archival research suggests that a British colonel acquired the remains in Egypt on his way to India in the mid-19th century. He died in India, but Nestawedjat ended up in London—where she is now reunited with her coffins..

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The built best price levitra generic environment includes street layout, residential vs. Commercial zoning, bicycle paths, and best price levitra generic public transportation, Booth explained in an email to WebMD. When suburbs were first developed, Booth noted, zoning laws separated residential and commercial areas, so people had to travel farther to reach grocery stores or the bank, and car use went up. Denser neighborhoods, where people can walk or best price levitra generic ride a bicycle to public transit, are associated with greater physical activity and better health. But even if the built environment is walkable, Booth said, if there are many nearby fast-food restaurants but no grocery stores -- referred to as a "fast-food swamp" -- or if the streets are not safe to walk on, the health benefits can be decreased or canceled out.

Physical Activity, Obesity, Prediabetes, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure The following studies are examples of how neighborhood walkability has a positive effect on physical activity and the risk of being overweight or having obesity, prediabetes, diabetes, and best price levitra generic high blood pressure. The International Physical Activity and Environmental Network study of 14 cities in 10 countries found that people in the most walkable neighborhoods (with the best transit options and access to parks) spent roughly 1 to 1½ hours more per week being at least moderately physically best price levitra generic active, compared to people in the least walkable neighborhoods. In a study of residents in nearly 9,000 neighborhoods in Ontario, young and middle-aged adults who lived in the most vs. The least walkable neighborhoods were less best price levitra generic likely to be overweight or obese (43% vs 53%). In a study of 1.1 million adults in 15 cities in Ontario, best price levitra generic Canada, who had normal blood sugar, people living in the least vs.

Most walkable areas had a 20% higher rate of getting prediabetes over a period of 8 years. The risk varied in different race/ethnicity best price levitra generic groups. A study of 1.6 million adults living in Toronto, Ontario, found that people living in low vs. Highly walkable areas had a 30% to 50% higher likelihood of getting best price levitra generic diabetes within 5 years. In another Canadian study, moving from an unwalkable to a highly walkable neighborhood was linked to a 54% lower chance of being diagnosed with high blood pressure within 10 years.

Air Pollution, Crime, Fast-Food Swamps, Crumbling Sidewalks "Walkability appears to be protective against metabolic diseases," Booth said, though "there may be other, more important factors in an best price levitra generic environment that affect health." People living in downtown, inner-city neighborhoods in the U.S. And Canada often have lower incomes or live in fast-food swamps, also known as “food deserts,” best price levitra generic which are all linked to a greater risk of obesity and diabetes. High crime rates, fewer connections between neighbors, and poor infrastructure (such as sidewalks in disrepair) make it less safe to walk. In one of the studies Howell and Booth had done previously, they found that high walkability appeared to no longer protect against diabetes and high blood pressure in areas that had high rates of best price levitra generic traffic-related air pollution or were fast-food swamps. "Not every neighborhood can be rebuilt,” Booth said, but “we can add elements such as bike and walking paths, safe pedestrian infrastructure, more accessible and cleaner public transit to allow people to engage in greener and more active forms of transportation," which are linked with health benefits.

WebMD Health News Sources best price levitra generic Endocrine Reviews. "The weight of place best price levitra generic. Built environment correlates of obesity and diabetes." © 2022 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.Mar best price levitra generic. 4, 2022 -- Many applaud social media for connecting the world with the touch of a button.

Others cite the opportunity to grow businesses without heavy best price levitra generic marketing costs. But for a group of Black doctors, social media marks the chance to celebrate the ability to narrow racial disparities in medicine.“You’re a young adult in a city where you don’t see any Black physicians -- before social media, you are kind of locked into what’s around you,” says best price levitra generic Earl V. Campbell III, MD, a gastroenterologist and advanced interventional endoscopist based in Atlanta.“They are able now to easily hop on Instagram and see that there are doctors who look like them.”Recently, a group of Black physicians has been joining forces for “Diversity in Medicine” Instagram Live sessions.Many are also millennials in highly competitive medical specialties and connected online through the shared experience of “starting off early,” says Mfoniso Daniel Umoren, MD, a gastroenterology fellow in Washington, DC, who started the Instagram series early in the levitra. €œAs our generation starts to realize best price levitra generic what we want to do earlier, we’re going to straight from college to medical school and doing it in our 20s,” he says. €œBy the time you are in your 30s, you are already a full-blown specialized physician.”Umoren, 30, graduated from medical school at age 25 and will complete his gastroenterology fellowship at Georgetown University next year.“Seeing young physicians in training who are high-energy, motivated, and also very interested in mentorship -- that is one thing I wanted to connect people with, and that’s the reason why I started this,” he says.In 2018, only 5.4% of all U.S.

Doctors were Black -- a slim percentage given that Black best price levitra generic people make up around 13% of the population. And the percentage of Black doctors in competitive medical specialties is particularly best price levitra generic jarring. Black representation in orthopedic surgery is lowest (1.9%), followed by dermatology (3%).What’s more, the ratio of Black doctors in the U.S. Has only increased by 4% over the best price levitra generic past 120 years, according to a recent UCLA study. The percentage of Black male doctors hasn’t changed since 1940, the report states.But by showcasing doctors as “normal,” with interests outside of medicine, the Instagram Live sessions can help improve these statistics, Umoren says.“Growing up, a lot of times when you’re the smart person, you’re viewed as ‘the nerd,’” he says.“I talk about that a lot because I’m very interested in fitness.

There’s no either this best price levitra generic or that. You can be both.”During a recent Instagram Live session with best price levitra generic Medscape, the doctors discussed their experiences as Black physicians and spoke on ways to enhance minority representation in medicine.Read on for a look at some of the key highlights from the discussion.The Weight on Your ShouldersThere is a certain pressure that is unique to Black doctors in the U.S., says Marius Chukwurah, MD, a board-certified internist and cardiology fellow in Philadelphia.“There are so few of us Black providers in medicine that you don’t want to do anything that’s going to mess that number up or make that statistic even worse,” he says. This pressure can affect the way you navigate day-to-day experiences in the classroom or “whatever setting you’re in,” he says.“I felt it at every stage, especially in residency. [You feel as though] you can’t potentially dress a certain way, or talk a certain way, or be as lax with certain things that you might feel like your majority counterparts are at work or in the learning environment or in the medical field,” Chukwurah says.“You don’t want your employer, or whoever is responsible for pulling more people and putting them in those seats, to think ‘this person wasn’t good at their job, that means everybody that looks like them must be the same.’”Pressures Don’t Go AwayPeople on social media often celebrate the “final product” but don’t realize what you had to go through to get there, says Nathan Kanyinda, MD, an ophthalmologist specializing in oculoplastic surgery best price levitra generic and facial aesthetics based in Virginia. He recalled a time when he best price levitra generic got extremely sick during his medical training.

He said he had to balance trips to the emergency room with his work schedule.“I wasn’t telling anyone,” Kanyinda says. €œI think sometimes you are in that struggle of residency and fellowship, best price levitra generic and you’re not honest about what you are really going through.”“I became honest and was able to get care and complete everything I needed to do.”Kanyinda says he has learned to prioritize mental health over the years, noting that he makes time for self-care activities, like regular exercise.This is critical at any stage of your medical career, since pressures don’t go away after you’ve completed training, he says.“I’m in a city where there are [currently] maybe three people who do exactly what I do,” Kanyinda says. €œSaying, ‘I have to be on top of my game. I can’t best price levitra generic be distracted. I have to focus’ -- that will never go away.” best price levitra generic ‘Keep the Pipeline Smooth’To boost Black representation in medicine, more Black doctors must become educators, the group says.“To reach that goal, we have to be able to keep the pipeline smooth,” Umoren says.

€œSome of us have to stay within the academic system.”This is particularly true, as it can be “easy to feel like a minority in medicine” when attending mostly white medical institutions, according to Chukwurah.There are only four historically Black medical schools in the country. Morehouse School of Medicine, Howard University College best price levitra generic of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, and Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science.“I wish you could take a few professors from all these HBCUs [historically Black colleges and universities] and put them in medical schools across the country to serve as mentors for people who look like us and need that extra motivation,” Umoren says.“When you feel like you are at the end of the road of this journey, someone could say, ‘I was there, just like you.’”Encouraging aspiring doctors who are underrepresented minorities is also critical, the doctors say. €œI know there’s not a lot of best price levitra generic Black ophthalmologists,” Kanyinda says. €œThere’s not a lot of oculoplastic surgeons in general.”“For me not to show people my world, I feel best price levitra generic like it’s not fair.

A lot of people showed me theirs,” he says.Kanyinda says he’s allowed students to shadow him at work -- including in the operating room.“I’m interested in having students work with me, and mentor from that perspective,” he says.But mentorship doesn’t always have to include a full day of shadowing, says Campbell. Sometimes it best price levitra generic can be as simple as responding to an email.“I know individuals who, back when they were med students, I reviewed their personal statements and edited them,” he says. €œNow, they are in residency.”“It’s very rewarding to see someone you’ve helped directly.”‘Finding That Connection Is Important’Umoren says the goal of the Instagram Lives and other advocacy efforts is creating a mentee-to-mentor program, where Black doctors from various specialties go to high schools and colleges and students can ask questions and connect. The Association of Black Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists, a new organization created to improve gastrointestinal health in the Black community has a similar plan.The organization, which Campbell and Umoren are a best price levitra generic part of, created a program where pre-med and med students interested in these specialties can link up with a gastroenterologist or hepatologist.“Finding that connection is important,” Umoren says. €œMaking people feel that ‘this person actually cares about me’ and ‘this person wants me to succeed.’”“Whether that’s a mentor-to-mentee relationship or a physician-to-patient relationship.”.

March 4, 2022 -- People who live in neighborhoods that are more walkable are much more physically active and less likely to gain weight or get type 2 diabetes hop over to here or high blood pressure, researchers concluded after reviewing buy canadian levitra the results of dozens of previous studies. Gillian L buy canadian levitra. Booth, MD, and Nicholas A. Howell, MD, buy canadian levitra both from the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, used findings from more than 170 studies that looked at how the "built environment" affects physical activity, obesity, and diabetes.

They published their results in the journal Endocrine Reviews. The built environment includes street layout, buy canadian levitra residential vs. Commercial zoning, bicycle paths, and public transportation, Booth explained in buy canadian levitra an email to WebMD. When suburbs were first developed, Booth noted, zoning laws separated residential and commercial areas, so people had to travel farther to reach grocery stores or the bank, and car use went up.

Denser neighborhoods, where people can walk or ride a bicycle buy canadian levitra to public transit, are associated with greater physical activity and better health. But even if the built environment is walkable, Booth said, if there are many nearby fast-food restaurants but no grocery stores -- referred to as a "fast-food swamp" -- or if the streets are not safe to walk on, the health benefits can be decreased or canceled out. Physical Activity, Obesity, Prediabetes, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure The following studies are examples of buy canadian levitra how neighborhood walkability has a positive effect on physical activity and the risk of being overweight or having obesity, prediabetes, diabetes, and high blood pressure. The International Physical Activity and Environmental buy canadian levitra Network study of 14 cities in 10 countries found that people in the most walkable neighborhoods (with the best transit options and access to parks) spent roughly 1 to 1½ hours more per week being at least moderately physically active, compared to people in the least walkable neighborhoods.

In a study of residents in nearly 9,000 neighborhoods in Ontario, young and middle-aged adults who lived in the most vs. The least walkable neighborhoods were buy canadian levitra less likely to be overweight or obese (43% vs 53%). In a study of 1.1 million adults in 15 cities in Ontario, Canada, who had normal blood sugar, people living in the least vs buy canadian levitra. Most walkable areas had a 20% higher rate of getting prediabetes over a period of 8 years.

The risk varied in different race/ethnicity buy canadian levitra groups. A study of 1.6 million adults living in Toronto, Ontario, found that people living in low vs. Highly walkable areas had a 30% to 50% higher likelihood of getting diabetes within buy canadian levitra 5 years. In another Canadian study, moving from an unwalkable to a highly walkable neighborhood was linked to a 54% lower chance of being diagnosed with high blood pressure within 10 years.

Air Pollution, Crime, Fast-Food Swamps, Crumbling Sidewalks "Walkability appears to be protective against metabolic diseases," Booth said, though "there may be other, more important factors in an environment that affect health." People living in downtown, inner-city buy canadian levitra neighborhoods in the U.S. And Canada often have lower incomes or live in fast-food swamps, also known as “food deserts,” which are all linked to buy canadian levitra a greater risk of obesity and diabetes. High crime rates, fewer connections between neighbors, and poor infrastructure (such as sidewalks in disrepair) make it less safe to walk. In one of the studies Howell and Booth had done previously, they found that high walkability appeared to no longer protect against diabetes and high blood pressure in areas that had high rates buy canadian levitra of traffic-related air pollution or were fast-food swamps.

"Not every neighborhood can be rebuilt,” Booth said, but “we can add elements such as bike and walking paths, safe pedestrian infrastructure, more accessible and cleaner public transit to allow people to engage in greener and more active forms of transportation," which are linked with health benefits. WebMD Health News Sources Endocrine Reviews buy canadian levitra. "The weight of place buy canadian levitra. Built environment correlates of obesity and diabetes." © 2022 WebMD, LLC.

All rights buy canadian levitra reserved.Mar. 4, 2022 -- Many applaud social media for connecting the world with the touch of a button. Others cite the opportunity to grow businesses without heavy marketing costs buy canadian levitra. But for a group of Black doctors, social media marks the chance to celebrate the ability to narrow racial disparities in medicine.“You’re buy canadian levitra a young adult in a city where you don’t see any Black physicians -- before social media, you are kind of locked into what’s around you,” says Earl V.

Campbell III, MD, a gastroenterologist and advanced interventional endoscopist based in Atlanta.“They are able now to easily hop on Instagram and see that there are doctors who look like them.”Recently, a group of Black physicians has been joining forces for “Diversity in Medicine” Instagram Live sessions.Many are also millennials in highly competitive medical specialties and connected online through the shared experience of “starting off early,” says Mfoniso Daniel Umoren, MD, a gastroenterology fellow in Washington, DC, who started the Instagram series early in the levitra. €œAs our generation starts to realize what we want to do earlier, we’re going to straight buy canadian levitra from college to medical school and doing it in our 20s,” he says. €œBy the time you are in your 30s, you are already a full-blown specialized physician.”Umoren, 30, graduated from medical school at age 25 and will complete his gastroenterology fellowship at Georgetown University next year.“Seeing young physicians in training who are high-energy, motivated, and also very interested in mentorship -- that is one thing I wanted to connect people with, and that’s the reason why I started this,” he says.In 2018, only 5.4% of all U.S. Doctors were Black -- a slim percentage given that Black people make up around 13% of the population buy canadian levitra.

And the buy canadian levitra percentage of Black doctors in competitive medical specialties is particularly jarring. Black representation in orthopedic surgery is lowest (1.9%), followed by dermatology (3%).What’s more, the ratio of Black doctors in the U.S. Has only increased by 4% over the past 120 years, according to a recent UCLA study buy canadian levitra. The percentage of Black male doctors hasn’t changed since 1940, the report states.But by showcasing doctors as “normal,” with interests outside of medicine, the Instagram Live sessions can help improve these statistics, Umoren says.“Growing up, a lot of times when you’re the smart person, you’re viewed as ‘the nerd,’” he says.“I talk about that a lot because I’m very interested in fitness.

There’s no either buy canadian levitra this or that. You can be both.”During a recent Instagram Live session with Medscape, the doctors discussed their experiences as Black physicians and spoke on ways to enhance minority representation in medicine.Read on for a look at some of the key highlights from the discussion.The Weight on Your ShouldersThere is a certain pressure that is unique to Black doctors in the U.S., says Marius Chukwurah, MD, a board-certified internist and cardiology fellow in Philadelphia.“There are so few of us Black providers in medicine that you don’t want to do anything that’s going buy canadian levitra to mess that number up or make that statistic even worse,” he says. This pressure can affect the way you navigate day-to-day experiences in the classroom or “whatever setting you’re in,” he says.“I felt it at every stage, especially in residency. [You feel as though] you can’t potentially dress a certain way, or talk a certain way, or be as lax with certain things that you might feel like your majority counterparts are at work or in the learning environment or in buy canadian levitra the medical field,” Chukwurah says.“You don’t want your employer, or whoever is responsible for pulling more people and putting them in those seats, to think ‘this person wasn’t good at their job, that means everybody that looks like them must be the same.’”Pressures Don’t Go AwayPeople on social media often celebrate the “final product” but don’t realize what you had to go through to get there, says Nathan Kanyinda, MD, an ophthalmologist specializing in oculoplastic surgery and facial aesthetics based in Virginia.

He recalled a time when he got buy canadian levitra extremely sick during his medical training. He said he had to balance trips to the emergency room with his work schedule.“I wasn’t telling anyone,” Kanyinda says. €œI think sometimes you are in that buy canadian levitra struggle of residency and fellowship, and you’re not honest about what you are really going through.”“I became honest and was able to get care and complete everything I needed to do.”Kanyinda says he has learned to prioritize mental health over the years, noting that he makes time for self-care activities, like regular exercise.This is critical at any stage of your medical career, since pressures don’t go away after you’ve completed training, he says.“I’m in a city where there are [currently] maybe three people who do exactly what I do,” Kanyinda says. €œSaying, ‘I have to be on top of my game.

I can’t be buy canadian levitra distracted. I have to focus’ -- that will never go away.” ‘Keep the Pipeline Smooth’To boost Black representation in medicine, more Black doctors must become educators, the group says.“To reach that goal, we have to be buy canadian levitra able to keep the pipeline smooth,” Umoren says. €œSome of us have to stay within the academic system.”This is particularly true, as it can be “easy to feel like a minority in medicine” when attending mostly white medical institutions, according to Chukwurah.There are only four historically Black medical schools in the country. Morehouse School buy canadian levitra of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, and Charles R.

Drew University of Medicine and Science.“I wish you could take a few professors from all these HBCUs [historically Black colleges and universities] and put them in medical schools across the country to serve as mentors for people who look like us and need that extra motivation,” Umoren says.“When you feel like you are at the end of the road of this journey, someone could say, ‘I was there, just like you.’”Encouraging aspiring doctors who are underrepresented minorities is also critical, the doctors say. €œI know there’s not a lot of Black buy canadian levitra ophthalmologists,” Kanyinda says. €œThere’s not a lot of oculoplastic surgeons in general.”“For me not to show people my world, I feel like it’s not fair. A lot of people showed me theirs,” he says.Kanyinda says he’s allowed students to shadow him at work -- including in the operating room.“I’m interested in having students work with me, and mentor from that perspective,” he says.But mentorship doesn’t always have to include a full day of shadowing, says Campbell.

Sometimes it can be as simple as responding to an email.“I know individuals who, back when they were med students, I reviewed their personal statements and edited them,” he says. €œNow, they are in residency.”“It’s very rewarding to see someone you’ve helped directly.”‘Finding That Connection Is Important’Umoren says the goal of the Instagram Lives and other advocacy efforts is creating a mentee-to-mentor program, where Black doctors from various specialties go to high schools and colleges and students can ask questions and connect. The Association of Black Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists, a new organization created to improve gastrointestinal health in the Black community has a similar plan.The organization, which Campbell and Umoren are a part of, created a program where pre-med and med students interested in these specialties can link up with a gastroenterologist or hepatologist.“Finding that connection is important,” Umoren says. €œMaking people feel that ‘this person actually cares about me’ and ‘this person wants me to succeed.’”“Whether that’s a mentor-to-mentee relationship or a physician-to-patient relationship.”.

What side effects may I notice from Levitra?

Side effects that you should report to your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible.

• back pain
• changes in hearing such as loss of hearing or ringing in ears
• changes in vision such as loss of vision, blurred vision, eyes being more sensitive to light, or trouble telling the difference between blue and green objects or objects having a blue color tinge to them
• chest pain or palpitations
• difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
• dizziness
• eyelid swelling
• muscle aches
• prolonged erection (lasting longer than 4 hours)
• skin rash, itching
• seizures

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your prescriber or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):

• flushing
• headache
• indigestion
• nausea
• stuffy nose

This list may not describe all possible side effects.

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